टैंगानिका झील: रिवीजन सभ के बीचा में अंतर

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अनुवाद
सामग्री आ कुछ अनुवाद
लाइन 29:
 
"टैंगानिका" नाँव के अरथ 'मैदान नियर झील' या 'बिसाल मैदान की तरे फइलल झील' हवे।<ref name=Stanley>Stanley, H.M., 1899, Through the Dark Continent, London: G. Newnes, Vol. One ISBN 0486256677, Vol. Two ISBN 0486256685</ref>{{rp|Vol.Two,16}}
 
== भूगोल ==
टैंगानिका झील अफिरका के पूरबी रिफ्ट घाटी के पच्छिमी शाखा, अल्बर्टाइन रिफ्ट घाटी के अंदर स्थित बाटे आ घाटी के किनारे के पहाड़न से घेराइल बाटे। ई अफिरका के सभसे बड़ रिफ्ट घाटी झील हवे आ पानी के मात्रा के हिसाब से दुनिया के दुसरे नंबर के सभसे बड़ झील भी हवे। ई अफिरका के सभसे गहिरी झील हवे आ सभसे बड़ साफपानी के झील भी हवे, जेह में दुनिया के कुल मौजूद साफ पानी के 18% हिस्सा मौजूद बाटे। ई झील, लम्बाई में उत्तर-दक्खिन के {{convert|676|km|mi|abbr=on}} लंबाई में आ {{convert|50|km|mi|abbr=on}} चाकर बाटे। झील के कुल क्षेत्रफल {{convert|32900|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}}, आ किनारा {{convert|1828|km|mi|abbr=on}} लंबा बा, एकर औसत गहिराई {{convert|570|m|ft|abbr=on}} आ अधिकतम गहिराई {{convert|1470|m|ft|abbr=on}} (उत्तरी बेसिन में) बाटे। एह में कुल {{convert|18900|km3|cumi}}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.ilec.or.jp/database/afr/dafr06.html|title=Datbase Summary: Lake Tanganyika
|publisher=www.ilec.or.jp|accessdate=2008-03-14}}</ref> पानी बाटे। पानी से सतह पर तापमान औसतन {{convert|25|C|F|abbr=on}} आ [[pH]] औसतन 8.4 बाटे।
 
The enormous depth and tropical location of the lake can prevent 'turnover' of water masses, which means that much of the lower depths of the lake are so-called '[[fossil water]]' and are [[Anoxic waters|anoxic]] (lacking oxygen). The [[Drainage basin|catchment area]] of the lake is {{convert|231000|km2|mi2|abbr=on}}. Two main rivers flow into the lake, as well as numerous smaller rivers and streams (whose lengths are limited by the steep mountains around the lake). There is one major outflow, the [[Lukuga River]], which empties into the [[Congo River]] drainage.
 
The major river flowing into the lake is the [[Ruzizi River]], formed about 10,000 years ago, which enters the north of the lake from [[Lake Kivu]]. The [[Malagarasi River]], which is Tanzania's second largest river, enters the east side of Lake Tanganyika. The Malagarasi is older than Lake Tanganyika and, before the lake was formed, directly drained into the Congo River.
 
The lake has a complex history of changing flow patterns, due to its high altitude, great depth, slow rate of refill and mountainous location in a turbulently volcanic area that has undergone climate changes. Apparently it has rarely in the past had an outflow to the sea. It has been described as 'practically [[endorheic]]' for this reason. The lake's connection to the sea is dependent on a high water level allowing water to overflow out of the lake through the Lukunga into the Congo.
 
Due to the lake's tropical location, it suffers a high rate of evaporation. Thus it depends on a high inflow through the Ruzizi out of Lake Kivu to keep the lake high enough to overflow. This outflow is apparently not more than 12,000 years old, and resulted from lava flows blocking and diverting the Kivu basin's previous outflow into [[Lake Edward]] and then the Nile system, and diverting it to Lake Tanganyika. Signs of ancient shorelines indicate that at times Tanganyika may have been up to 300 m lower than its present surface level, with no outlet to the sea. Even its current outlet is intermittent and may not have been operating when first visited by Western explorers in 1858.
 
The lake may also have at times had different inflows and outflows: inward flows from a higher [[Lake Rukwa]], access to [[Lake Malawi]] and an exit route to the Nile have all been proposed to have existed at some point in the lake's history.<ref>{{cite book |last=Lévêqu |first=Christian |title=Biodiversity Dynamics and Conservation: The Freshwater Fish of Tropical Africa |year=1997 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |page=110}}</ref>
 
=== दीप ===
टैंगानिका झील में कई ठो [[दीप]] बाने, जिनहन में मुख्य-मुख्य के नाँव नीचे दिहल गइल बा:
 
* [[कवाला दीप]] (कांगो डेमोक्रेटिक रिपब्लिक)
* माम्बा-कयेंदा दीप (कांगो डेमोक्रेटिक रिपब्लिक)
* मिलिमा दीप (कांगो डेमोक्रेटिक रिपब्लिक)
* किबिशाई दीप (कांगो डेमोक्रेटिक रिपब्लिक)
* मुटोनोव दीप (जांबिया)
* कुम्बुला दीप (जांबिया)
 
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