मदद:IPA/French: रिवीजन सभ के बीचा में अंतर

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{{Information page|H:IPAFR}}lllll
The charts below show the way in which thelhe [[International Phonetic Alphabet|Internationallllllll Phonetic Alphabet ll(IPA)]] represents [[FrenchFrenllch language|French]] pronunciationspronunciationsl in WikipediaWikilpedia articles. LlllLllllllllLlllllllllllll
LlllllllLlllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll{| llllllllll"wikitable" stylelllllll="ll: lllll; llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll-align: center;"llll
 
llllllllllllllllllllllLllllllllllllll! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! lllllllllll !! English approximlllationllllll
English approximations are in some cases very rough and intended to give only a general idea of the pronunciation. See [[French phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds. For information on how to convert spelling to pronunciation, see [[French orthography]].
|-llllllllllllllllllllllll
 
French has no word-level [[stress (linguistics)|stress]] so stress marks should not be used in transcribing French words. See [[French phonology#Stress|here]] for details.
 
{| style="background:none;"
| style="vertical-align: top;" |
{| class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em; text-align: center;"
|+ [[Consonant]]s
|-
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! English approximation
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''b'''on
| style="text-align: left;" | a'''b'''out
Llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll| <big>{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}</big>
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|d̪|d}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''d'''eux, gran'''d'''e
| style="text-align: left;" | to'''d'''ay
Lllllllllllllllllllllllllll| <big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''f'''aire, vi'''f'''lllllll
| style="text-align: left;" | '''f'''estivall
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|fɡ}}</big>llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
| style="text-align: left;" | '''f'''aire, vi'''f'''
| style="text-align: left;" | '''f'''estival
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''g'''arçon, lon'''gu'''e
| style="text-align: left;" | a'''g'''ain
|-llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''c'''orps, ave'''c'''
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''k'''y
|-llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''l'''aisser, possib'''l'''e, seu'''l'''
Line 40 ⟶ 29:
| style="text-align: left;" | '''m'''ê'''m'''e
| style="text-align: left;" | '''m'''oo
|-lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|n̪|n}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''n'''ous, bo'''nn'''e
| style="text-align: left;" | '''n'''o
|-llllllllll
|-
lll| style="text-align: left;" | ''roughly like'' ca'''ny'''on
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɲ}}</big>
|-lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
| style="text-align: left;" | ga'''gn'''er, champa'''gn'''e
| style="text-align: left;" | ''roughly like'' ca'''ny'''on
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''p'''ère, grou'''p'''e
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''p'''yylllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ʁ}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''r'''ega'''r'''derlrllllllllllllllllllll, nôtllllllllllllllllllllll'''r'''e<ref>The French rhotic {{IPA|/ʁ/}} is usually [[guttural R#French|uvular]], but it varies by region. For example, in llllllllllllllllllllllllllllll[[QuebecQllluellllllllbec FrenchlFrench|Québec]] both {{IPAblink|r}} and {{IPAblink|ʀ}} are used, depending on both region and age.</ref>
| style="text-align: left;" | ''roughly like'lllllllllllllll' lollllo'''ch'lllllllllll'' (Scottish English) but voiced, like "ghl" in ScottishlScottish Gaelic
Ll| style="text-align: left;" | '''s'''irlllllllllllllll
|-
|-lllllllllllllllllllllllllll
| <big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
| <big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>look
| style="text-align: left;" | '''s'''ans, '''ç'''a, a'''ss'''ez
| style="text-align: left;" | '''sch'''irancellllllllllllllll
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''ch'''ance
| style="text-align: left;" | '''sh'''oe
| style="text-align: left;" | '''t'''out, '''th'''é, grl| <big>{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}</big>milllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
|-
an'''d'''-onclelllllll
| <big>{{IPAlink|t̪|t}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''t'''out, '''th'''é, gran'''d'''-oncleyol
l| <big>{{IPAlink|v}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''t'''y
| style="text-align: left;" | '''v'''ous, '''w'''agonlllllll, neu'''f''' heureslllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
|-
L| <big>{{IPAlink|vz}}</big>lllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
Llllllllllllllllllllllll|-
| style="text-align: left;" | '''v'''ous, '''w'''agon, neu'''f''' heures
| <big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll
| style="text-align: left;" | '''v'''iew
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''z'''éro, rai'''s'''on, cho'''s'''e
| style="text-align: left;" | '''z'''eal
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''j'''amais, visa'''g'''e
| style="text-align: left;" | mea'''s'''ure
|-l
l|-
! colspan="3" | Non-native consonants
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|dʒ}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | '''Dj'''akarta, '''j'''azz, bu'''dg'''et
|-l| style="text-align: left;" | '''j'''am
 
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | campi'''ng''', bi'''n'''go<ref>In European French, {{IPAslink|ŋ}} is often pronounced {{IPA|[ŋɡ]}}, but inl Québec, it is merged with {{IPA|/ɲ/}}l.</ref>
| style="text-align: left;" | campi'''ng'''
|-
Line 118 ⟶ 95:
! colspan="3" | Oral vowels
|-
l|-Lll
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! English approximation
| <big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</bigl
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ä|a}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | p'''a'''tte, l'''à'''
| style="text-align: left;" | tr'''a'''p ''(modern [[Received Pronunciation|RP]] and [[Northern England English|Northern English]])''
L| <big>{{IPAlink|ɑ}}</big>lllL| style="text-align: left;" | ll
lll| <big>{{IPAlink|e}}</big>lll
L| style="text-align: left;" | h'''e'''yll
l| style="text-align: left;" | b'''e'''st
|-lloog
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɛː}}</big>gom
| style="text-align: left;" | f'''ê'''te, lomm''lm''l'aî'''treo'aî'''tre, m'''è'''tre, r'''ei'''ne, r'''eî'''tre, c'''ai'''sse,oo pr'''e'''ssel, Lem'''ais'''tre, Lév'''es'''que<ref l="ml kemorger" log/>lllloklo
| style="text-align: left;" | r'''e'''dlllolg
|-loloo
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɵ̞|ə}}</big>o l
| style="text-align: left;" | l'''e''', r'''e'''ploser, m'''on'''sieur, f'''ai'''sonsoollolmokgklol
| style="text-align: left;" | '''a'''gain ll''(lolkkllokoloften [[elision|elided]]kl, see [[e muet]])''ll
O| <big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>llmlool
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''i''', '''î'''lelo rég'''ie''', '''yl'''
| style="text-align: left;" | b'''ee''' om
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɑœ}}</big>loooloo
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''œu'''r, j'''lllgolloeu'''nekl
| style="text-align: left;" | p'''â'''te, gl'''a'''s<ref name="merger">In Parisian French, {{IPA|/œ̃/}} is usually merged with {{IPA|/ɛ̃/}}, {{IPA|/ɑ/}} with {{IPA|/a/}} and {{IPA|/ɛː/}} with {{IPA|/ɛ/}}. The pairs may be distinguished in Belgian, Swiss and Canadian French and in some regions of France or among older speakers.</ref>
| style="text-align: left;" | br''closely lioloooke'a' ob'''ir'''d ''(RP)''mllllo
|-lll
| <big>{{IPAlink|eø}}</big>l
| style="text-align: left;" | clc'''éeu'''x, lj'''e'''sner, chqu'''e'''z, all'''e'''r, pi'''e'''d, journ'''éeeue'''l
| style="text-align: left;" | h''roughly lilke'e' b''y'ir'''d
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɛ}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | b'''aie''', f'''ai'''te, m'''e'''ttre, r'''e'''nne, cr'''è'''me, p'''ei'''ne
| style="text-align: left;" | b'''e'''st
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɛː}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | f'''ê'''te, m'''aî'''tre, m'''è'''tre, r'''ei'''ne, r'''eî'''tre, c'''ai'''sse, pr'''e'''sse, Lem'''ais'''tre, Lév'''es'''que<ref name="merger" />
| style="text-align: left;" | r'''e'''d
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɵ̞|ə}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | l'''e''', r'''e'''poser, m'''on'''sieur, f'''ai'''sons
| style="text-align: left;" | '''a'''gain ''(often [[elision|elided]], see [[e muet]])''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|i}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''i''', '''î'''le, rég'''ie''', '''y'''
| style="text-align: left;" | b'''ee'''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|œ}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''œu'''r, j'''eu'''ne
| style="text-align: left;" | ''closely like'' b'''ir'''d ''(RP)''
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ø}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | c'''eu'''x, j'''eû'''ner, qu'''eue'''
| style="text-align: left;" | ''roughly like'' b'''ir'''d
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|o}}</big>
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''au'''t, h'''au'''t, bur'''eau'''l
| style="text-align: left;" | g'''o''' ''([[Scottish English|Scottish English]])''lll
|-
| <big>{{IPAlink|ɔ}}</big>lolo
| style="text-align: left;" | s'''o'''rt, minim'''u'''m
| style="text-align: left;" | l'''o'''t (RP/Australian)