Consonants
|
IPA |
Examples |
English approximations
|
b
|
бог[1]
|
[bɔɦ]
|
boot
|
d
|
дим[1]
|
[dɪm]
|
do
|
dʲ
|
дім, мідь[1]
|
[d⁽ʲ⁾im], [midʲ]
|
dew
|
dz
|
дзе́ркало[1]
|
[ˈdzɛrkɐlo]
|
pads
|
dzʲ
|
ґедзь, дзьоб[1]
|
[ɡɛdzʲ], [dzʲɔb]
|
dʒ
|
джміль[1]
|
[dʒmilʲ]
|
jump, ridge
|
f
|
фа́рба
|
[ˈfɑrbɐ]
|
fool
|
ɡ
|
ґа́нок[1]
|
[ˈɡɑnok]
|
good
|
ɣ
|
чахохбі́лі[1]
|
[tʃɐxoɣˈbil⁽ʲ⁾i]
|
between good and hood
|
ɦ
|
газе́та
|
[ɦɐˈzɛtɐ]
|
behind
|
j
|
йти, гай, їда́льня
|
[jtɪ], [ɦɑj], [jiˈdɑlʲnʲɐ]
|
yes
|
k
|
ключ
|
[klʲutʃ]
|
scar
|
l
|
лось
|
[lɔsʲ]
|
bell
|
lʲ
|
лід, сіль
|
[l⁽ʲ⁾id], [s⁽ʲ⁾ilʲ]
|
least
|
m
|
мир
|
[mɪr]
|
moot
|
n
|
не́бо
|
[ˈnɛbo]
|
noon
|
nʲ
|
ні́жний, день
|
[ˈn⁽ʲ⁾iʒnɪj], [dɛnʲ]
|
new
|
p
|
пил
|
[pɪl]
|
spare
|
r
|
лі́кар
|
[ˈl⁽ʲ⁾ikɐr]
|
trilled r, like in Spanish riesgo
|
rʲ
|
рі́чка
|
[ˈr⁽ʲ⁾itʃkɐ]
|
s
|
суп
|
[sup]
|
soup
|
sʲ
|
сі́но, вісь
|
[ˈs⁽ʲ⁾ino], [wisʲ]
|
suit
|
ʃ
|
шпари́на, ви́ще
|
[ʃpɐˈrɪnɐ], [ˈwɪʃtʃe]
|
shop
|
t
|
тин
|
[tɪn]
|
star
|
tʲ
|
тінь, мить
|
[t⁽ʲ⁾inʲ], [mɪtʲ]
|
stew
|
ts
|
цибу́ля
|
[tsɪˈbulʲɐ]
|
cats
|
tsʲ
|
ціна́, віне́ць
|
[ts⁽ʲ⁾iˈnɑ], [wiˈnɛtsʲ]
|
tʃ
|
очере́т, вище
|
[otʃeˈrɛt], [ˈwɪʃtʃe]
|
choose
|
u̯
|
вчи́тель, став
|
[ˈu̯tʃɪtelʲ], [stɑu̯]
|
tow
|
v
|
Афганіста́н[1]
|
[ɐvɦɐn⁽ʲ⁾iˈstɑn]
|
vine
|
w
|
віл
|
[wil]
|
between wine and vine
|
x
|
ховра́х
|
[xou̯ˈrɑx]
|
Bach, loch
|
z
|
зуб[1]
|
[zub]
|
zoo
|
zʲ
|
зі́ллю, рі́зьблення[1]
|
[ˈz⁽ʲ⁾ilʲːʊ], [ˈr⁽ʲ⁾izʲblenʲːɐ]
|
presume
|
ʒ
|
жи́то[1]
|
[ˈʒɪto]
|
measure, garage
|
|
Other symbols
|
IPA |
Explanation
|
ˈ◌
|
stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
|
ˌ◌
|
secondary stress (placed before the stressed syllable)
|
◌ː
|
gemination (the consonant is pronounced twice as long)[3]
|
◌⁽ʲ⁾
|
optional nature of consonant palatalization before /i/
|
|