मदद:HTML in wikitext

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शॉर्टकट सभ:

H:HTML

WP:HTML

The MediaWiki software allows use of a subset of HTML5 markup elements for presentation formatting.^[1] Many HTML elements may also be included by equivalent wiki markup or templates which are simpler for most editors and less intrusive in the editing window. In normal practice, wiki markup or templates are preferred within articles, but HTML is quite useful for formatting within templates.

Elements

These HTML elements are supported by the MediaWiki software. This section gives a brief overview of the HTML element, an example, relevant wikimarkup and templates.

Basic

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6

The <h1>...</h1> through <h6>...</h6> tags are headings for the sections with which they are associated. <h1> is used for the article title. Headings are styled thorough CSS.

Markup	Renders as
<h2>Heading</h2> <h3>Heading</h3>	Heading Heading

Wikimarkup: Headers formatted with wikimarkup add an [edit] link.

Tag	Wikimarkup	Style
`<h1>`	`=heading=`	font size 188%; bottom border
`<h2>`	`==heading==`	font size 150%; bottom border
`<h3>`	`====heading====`	font size 132%; bold
`<h4>`	`=====heading=====`	font size 116%; bold
`<h5>`	`======heading======`	font size 100%; bold
`<h6>`	`========heading========`	font size 80%; bold

p

<p>...</p> tag places content into a separate paragraph.

Markup	Renders as
<p>HyperText Markup Language</p><p>HyperText Markup Language</p>	HyperText Markup Language HyperText Markup Language

Wikimarkup: Separate paragraphs by a single blank line.

Markup	Renders as
HyperText Markup Language HyperText Markup Language	HyperText Markup Language HyperText Markup Language

br

<br> or <br /> inserts a line break. Both versions of the break are supported by HTML5.

Markup	Renders as
HyperText<br>Markup Language	HyperText Markup Language

Wikimarkup: two new lines will insert one break.

Templates:

{{break}} adds multiple <br />.
{{crlf2}} adds adds a true carriage return and line feed.
{{-}} adds a break with styling to clear floating elements.

hr

<hr> represents a paragraph-level thematic break and presents as a horizontal rule.

Markup	Renders as
<hr>

Wikimarkup: use ----

Markup	Renders as
----

comment

formats the enclosed text as a hidden comment.

Markup	Renders as
HyperText<!--Markup Language-->	HyperText

Formatting

abbr

<abbr>...</abbr> creates a tooltip to define an abbreviation or acronym that is displayed on mouse-over.

Markup	Renders as
<abbr title="HyperText Markup Language">HTML</abbr>	HTML

Support: not supported by IE6 or IE7.

Template: {{abbr}}; supports Unicode display

b

<b>...</b> formats text stylistically offset from other text (bold) without conveying extra importance.

Markup	Renders as
<b>HyperText Markup Language</b>	HyperText Markup Language

Wikimarkup: Use ''' to open and close bold text.

Markup	Renders as
'''HyperText Markup Language'''	HyperText Markup Language

blockquote

<blockquote>...</blockquote> presents text in an offset block.

Markup	Renders as
<blockquote>HyperText Markup Language</blockquote>	HyperText Markup Language

Template: {{quote}}; supports pre-formatted attribution and source parameters. For other specialized quotation templates, see Category:Quotation templates.

cite

<cite>...</cite> contains the title of a work. This is a new definition in HTML5— in the previous XML implementation <cite> was used to contain a citation or a reference to other sources.

Markup	Renders as
<cite>HyperText Markup Language</cite>	HyperText Markup Language

code

<code>...</code> formats a section of computer code. MediaWiki applies CSS styling to display <code> in a monospace font.

Markup	Renders as
<code>HyperText Markup Language</code>	`HyperText Markup Language`

Template: {{code}} uses <syntaxhighlight>.

data

<data>...</data> formats a machine-readable version of contents defined by the value attribute.

Markup	Renders as
<data value="978-0764502149">HTML for Dummies</data>	HTML for Dummies

del

<del>...</del> formats deleted text.

Markup	Renders as
<del>HyperText Markup Language</del>	~~HyperText Markup Language~~

dfn

<dfn>...</dfn> is used for indicating a definition.

Markup	Renders as
<dfn>Definition</dfn>	Definition

Template: {{dfn}}

em

<em>...</em> represents a span of text with emphatic stress.

Markup	Renders as
<em>HyperText Markup Language</em>	HyperText Markup Language

Template: {{em}}

i

<i>...</i> represents a span of text offset from its surrounding content without conveying any extra emphasis or importance, and for which the conventional typographic presentation is italic text.

Markup	Renders as
<i>HyperText Markup Language</i>	HyperText Markup Language

Wikimarkup: Use '' to open and close italic text.

Markup	Renders as
''HyperText Markup Language''	HyperText Markup Language

ins

<ins>...</ins> indicates a range of text that has been added. Styled as underlined text. Used on talk pages to indicate refactored text; see WP:REDACT.

Markup	Renders as
<ins>HyperText Markup Language</ins>	HyperText Markup Language

kbd

<kbd>...</kbd> indicates user input such as keyboard input or voice commands.

Markup	Renders as
Press <kbd>Enter</kbd>	Press `Enter`

Templates:

{{kbd}} applies gray styling
{{key press}} renders illustrated keys and keystrokes.

mark

<mark>...</mark> represents a run of text in one document marked or highlighted for reference purposes, due to its relevance in another context. Marked text is formatted with a yellow background by default.

Markup	Renders as
<mark>HyperText Markup Language</mark>	HyperText Markup Language
<mark style="background:lightblue">HyperText Markup Language</mark>	HyperText Markup Language

pre

<pre>...</pre> element represents a block of preformatted text. In MediaWiki, <pre> is actually a parser tag and not HTML, but the function is the same.

Markup	Renders as
<pre>HyperText Markup Language</pre>	HyperText Markup Language

HTML entities

<pre> parses HTML entities. If you want to escape this, replace & with &.

Markup	Renders as
<nowiki>&</nowiki>	`&`
<nowiki><</nowiki>	`<`
<nowiki>&amp;</nowiki>	`&`
<nowiki>&lt;</nowiki>	`<`

Template:

{{pre}} wraps text that overflows the page.
{{pre2}} wraps or uses scrollbox.

rp, rt, ruby

<ruby>...</ruby> marks spans of phrasing content with ruby annotations.

<rt>...</rt> marks the ruby text component of a ruby annotation.

<rp>...</rp> is used to provide parentheses around a ruby text component of a ruby annotation, to be shown by user agents that don’t support ruby annotations.

Markup	Renders as
<ruby> 東<rp>(</rp><rt>とう</rt><rp>)</rp> 京<rp>(</rp><rt>きょう</rt><rp>)</rp> </ruby>	東(とう) 京(きょう)

s

<s>...</s> is used to indicate content that is no longer accurate or relevant and that has been struck from the page. It is not not appropriate when indicating document edits; to mark a span of text as having been removed from a document, use the <del>

Markup	Renders as
<s>HyperText Markup Language</s>	~~HyperText Markup Language~~

Template: {{strikethrough}}

samp

<samp>...</samp> indicates output from a program or computing system.

Markup	Renders as
<samp><kbd>HyperText Markup Language</samp></nowiki>	`HyperText Markup Language`

Template: {{samp}} applies gray styling

small

<small>...</small> format small text.

Markup	Renders as
<small>HyperText Markup Language</small>	HyperText Markup Language

strong

<strong>...</strong> formats a span of text with strong importance.

Markup	Renders as
<strong>HyperText Markup Language</strong>	HyperText Markup Language

Templates: {{strong}}

sub

<sub>...</sub> formats a span of text as a subscript.

Markup	Renders as
HyperText <sub>Markup Language</sub>	HyperText _{Markup Language}

Templates:

{{sub}} (_subscript text)
{{subsub}} (_{_{subscript subscript}} text)
{{ssub}} (_{subscript, small} text)
{{sup}} (^superscript text)
{{su}} (superscript
subscript text)
{{sup sub}} (textsup
sub)
{{e}} (1.23×10⁴)

sup

<sup>...</sup> formats a span of text as a superscript.

Markup	Renders as
HyperText <sup>Markup Language</sup>	HyperText ^{Markup Language}

Templates:

{{sub}} (_subscript text)
{{subsub}} (_{_{subscript subscript}} text)
{{ssub}} (_{subscript, small} text)
{{sup}} (^superscript text)
{{su}} (superscript
subscript text)
{{sup sub}} (textsup
sub)
{{e}} (1.23×10⁴)

time

<time>...</time> defines either a time (24 hour clock), or a date in the Gregorian calendar, optionally with a time and a time-zone offset.

Markup	Renders as
<time>10:00</time>	10:00

u

<u>...</u> represents a span of text offset from its surrounding content without conveying any extra emphasis or importance, and for which the conventional typographic presentation is underlining; for example, a span of text in Chinese that is a proper name (a Chinese proper name mark), or span of text that is known to be misspelled.

Markup	Renders as
<u>HyperText Markup Language</u>	HyperText Markup Language

var

<var>...</var> formats text in italics to indicate a variable in a mathematical expression or programming context, or placeholder text that the reader is meant to mentally replace with some other literal value.

Markup	Renders as
<var>HyperText Markup Language</var>	`HyperText Markup Language`

Template: {{varserif}} formatted in italic serif to differentiate characters

Lists

Do not leave blank lines between items in a unless there is a reason to do so, since this causes the MediaWiki software to interpret each item as beginning a new list.

dl, dt, dd

<dl>...</dl>, <dt>...</dt> and <dd>...</dd> are used to create a definition list of group names corresponding to values. Group names are in bold and values are indented. Each group must include one or more definitions.

Markup	Renders as
<dl> <dt> Term <dd> Definition1 <dd> Definition2 <dd> Definition3 <dd> Definition4 </dl>	Term Definition1 Definition2 Definition3 Definition4

Wikimarkup: <dt> is created using ; while automatically enclosed in <dl>...</dl>. <dd> is created using : for each value. For a single or first value the : can be placed on the same line after ; where subsequent values must be placed on separate lines.

Markup	Renders as
;Term :Definition1 :Definition2 :Definition3 :Definition4	Term Definition1 Definition2 Definition3 Definition4

Template: {{defn}}

ol, ul, li

<ol>...</ol> represents an ordered list; <ul>...</ul> represents an unordered list; <li>...</li> represents a list item. See [[]].

Markup	Renders as
<ul> <li>Item1</li> <li>Item2</li> <li>Item3</li> <li>Item4</li> </ul>	Item1 Item2 Item3 Item4
<ol> <li>Item1</li> <li>Item2</li> <li>Item3</li> <li>Item4</li> </ol>	Item1 Item2 Item3 Item4

Wikimarkup: use * for items in an unordered list and # for ordered lists.

Markup	Renders as
* Item1 * Item2 * Item3 * Item4	Item1 Item2 Item3 Item4
# Item1 # Item2 # Item3 # Item4	Item1 Item2 Item3 Item4

Templates: for a variety of specialized uses, see Category:Wikipedia list formatting templates.

Sections

div

<div>...</div> is a a generic container for flow content that displays as a block element.

Markup	Renders as
<div>HyperText Markup Language</div>	HyperText Markup Language

span

<span>...</span> is a container for flow content that displays as an inline element.

Markup	Renders as
<span>HyperText Markup Language</span>	HyperText Markup Language

Tables

table, td, tr

<table>...</table> defines a table.

<tr>...</tr> defines a table row.

<td>...</td> defines a data cell with contents that may include text, links, images, lists, forms, other tables, etc.

Markup

Renders as

<table border=1>
<tr>
<td>data</td>
<td>data</td>
</tr>
</table>

data

th

<th>...</th> defines a table header; styled as centered and bold.

Markup

Renders as

<table border="1">
<tr>
<th>Header</th>
<th>Header</th>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>data</td>
<td>data</td>
</tr>
</table>

Header	Header
data	data

caption

<caption>...</caption> adds a caption to a table.

Markup

Renders as

<table border=1>
<caption>Caption</caption>
<tr>
<td>data</td>
<td>data</td>
</tr>
</table>

Caption
data	data

Obsolete elements

These elements are now obsolete in HTML5, but still supported by browsers. These tags either have an alternate tag or a template that replaces their function with CSS.

big

<big>...</big> (obsolete) formats text in a larger font size.

Markup	Renders as
<big>HyperText Markup Language</big>	HyperText Markup Language

Template: {{big}} uses CSS.

center

<center>...</center> (obsolete) is used to center text elements.

Markup	Renders as
<center>HyperText Markup Language</center>	HyperText Markup Language

Template: {{center}} uses CSS.

font

<font>...</font> (obsolete) is used to set the font size, font face and color of text.

Markup	Renders as
<font size="3" face="verdana" color="green">HyperText Markup Language</font>	HyperText Markup Language

Template: {{font}} uses CSS.

rb

<rb>...</rb> (obsolete) Formerly used to mark base text in a ruby annotation; use <ruby>.

strike

<strike>...</strike> (obsolete) formats strike-through characters; use <s> instead.

Markup	Renders as
<strike>HyperText Markup Language</strike>	~~HyperText Markup Language~~

tt

<tt>...</tt> (obsolete) formats text in a fixed-width font. In general, use {{code}} instead.

Markup	Renders as
<tt>HyperText Markup Language</tt>	`HyperText Markup Language`

Unsupported elements

These elements are not supported, but have equivalent wiki markup.

a

<a> is used to create links. Use the [[ ]] wikimarkup for internal links and [ ] for external links.

input

<input> is used to create forms. The <inputbox> extension tag is used to create a text box with a button.

Attributes

Most tags can have a style attribute. For example

Markup	Renders as
This is <span style="color:red">red</span> text.

Most tags can have classes and IDs. They can be used in conjunction with stylesheets to give a piece of text a descriptive class (or unique identifier) and to refer to that in a stylesheet.

Markup	Renders as
<div class="infobox">Example infobox</div>

Produces the box which floats on the right because infobox class is already defined in local Mediawiki:Common.css.

Classes and IDs can also be used by Javascript code, for example see how {Link FA} works in enwiki.

Classes are also widely used to create microformats. See the microformats project for more information. Some class names are reserved for use in microformats.

Another attribute example is title, for example used in {{H:title}} template: note the hover box over "20000 ft"

Markup	Renders as
a height of {{h:title\|6.1 km\|20000 ft}} above sea level	a height of 20000 ft above sea level

HTML Tidy

HTML Tidy is enabled for the English Wikipedia. Tidy parses the MediaWiki output and cleans it up to ensure that valid HTML is rendered. For example, <br>, </br>, <br/>, <br.> will all render as <br />. Tidy is not enabled for MediaWiki interface pages. Tidy is not perfect, and has been known to introduce errors.

Exceptions

In some pages in the MediaWiki namespace (typically the short messages like button labels) HTML does not work, and e.g. <span id=abc>...</span> produces the HTML <span id=abc> rendered by the browser as <span id=abc>...</span>. Some others are interpreted as pure HTML (thus any tag can be used, but wikicode won't be transformed to HTML).

User and sitewide CSS and JS pages (see Help:User style) are interpreted as if inside a <pre> block.

Validation

The MediaWiki software attempts to catch HTML errors, but it does not catch all of them. If you use HTML in wikitext, it is helpful to verify it with the W3C Markup Validation Service.

Parser and extension tags

शॉर्टकट सभ:

Help:Extension tag

Help:Parser tag

The MediaWiki software adds elements that look and act like HTML tags. Parser tags are included in MediaWiki whereas extension tags are added by optional software extensions.

Parser tags: <gallery>, <nowiki>, <pre>, <source>

Extension tags: <categorytree>, <charinsert>, <hiero>, <imagemap>, <inputbox>, <math>, <poem>, <ref>, <references>, <syntaxhighlight>, <timeline>

References

↑ Allowable elements are defined in the sanitizer.php module.

External links

HTML 4.01 specification: elements | attributes
For customizing the handling of HTML in MediaWiki, see the HTML and Tidy sections in mw:Manual:Configuration settings
Some extensions allow adding arbitrary HTML to a page, for example mw:Extension:AddHTML, mw:Extension:SecureHTML and mw:Extension:Secure HTML; see $wgRawHtml for a more complete list
Within the MediaWiki codebase, these HTML checks happen in includes/Sanitizer.php

[sanitizer-1] Allowable elements are defined in the sanitizer.php module.

[1]