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The '''Southसाउथ Islandआइलैंड''' orचाहे '''Teते Waipounamuवाइपोनामू''' is the larger of the two major [[Islands of New Zealand|islands]] of [[New Zealand]], the other being the smaller but more populous [[North Island]]. It is bordered to the north by [[Cook Strait]], to the west by the [[Tasman Sea]], and to the south and east by the [[Pacific Ocean]]. The South Island covers {{convert|150437|km2}}<ref>{{cite web |url= http://www2.stats.govt.nz/domino/external/web/nzstories.nsf/092edeb76ed5aa6bcc256afe0081d84e/54e50d25aff60a7bcc256b1e007adcb6?OpenDocument |title=Quick Facts - Land and Environment : Geography - Physical Features |work=Statistics New Zealand |year=2000 |accessdate=13 August 2012}}</ref> and is influenced by a [[temperate climate]].
 
As it has a 32% larger landmass than the North Island, it is sometimes referred to as the "mainland" of New Zealand, especially by South Island residents; however, only {{Round|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|South Island regions|y}}|R}}/{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|New Zealand|y}}|R}}*100|0}}% of New Zealand's {{Round|{{formatnum:{{NZ population data|New Zealand|y}}|R}}/1000000|1}} million inhabitants live in the South Island. In the early stages of European ([[Pākehā]]) settlement of the country, the South Island had the majority of the European population and wealth due to the 1860s [[gold rush]]es. The North Island population overtook the South in the early 20th century, with 56% of the population living in the North in 1911, and the drift north of people and businesses continued throughout the century.<ref>{{cite book | first = Michael | last = King | authorlink = Michael King | title = The Penguin History of New Zealand | location = Auckland | publisher = Penguin Books | year = 2003 | isbn = 978-0-14-301867-4 | <!--url = http://penguin.co.nz/afa.asp?idWebPage=30233&ID=1788742&Sisbn=858711552 |--> pages = 280–281 }}</ref>