इलाहाबाद के इतिहास के टाइमलाइन
एह लेख के अंग्रेजी से भोजपुरी में अनुवाद के जरूरत बाटे। ई लेख (या एकर कुछ हिस्सा) अंग्रेजी में लिखल बा। |
ई भारत के उत्तर प्रदेश में मौजूद शहर इलाहाबाद के इतिहास के टाइमलाइन बाटे।
7वीं सदी ईसा पूर्ब
संपादन करीं- पुरातत्व संबंधी खोदाई में लोहा जुग ले के Northern Black Polished Ware मिलल बतावल जाला।[1]
चौथी सदी ईसा पूर्ब
संपादन करीं- गंगा आ यमुना के संगम पर एगो मजबूत किलेबंदी के Seleucus I Nicator द्वारा रिकार्ड कइल गइल बाटे।[2]
तीसरी सदी ईसा पूर्ब
संपादन करीं- एक ठो लिखाई वाला स्मारक (अशोक के खंभा) सम्राट अशोक के द्वारा उनुके शिलालेख लिखवावे खातिर स्थापित कइल गइल।[2]
7वीं सदी
संपादन करींThe Chinese traveler Xuanzang (Hiuen Tsang) described a ritual organized by Emperor Shiladitya (identified with Harsha) at the confluence of two rivers, in the kingdom of Po-lo-ye-kia (identified with Prayaga). He also mentions that many hundreds took a bath at the confluence, to wash away their sins.[4] According to some scholars, this is earliest surviving historical account of the Prayaga Kumbh Mela, which took place in Prayaga in 644 CE.[5] However, Xuanzang's reference is about an event that happened every 5 years (and not 12 years), and might have been a Buddhist celebration (since Harsha was a Buddhist emperor).[6][7]
10वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- Pratihara Empire including Prayaga and Kannauj was captured and plundered by Indra III under the reign of Mahipala I.[8]
12वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- The city was invaded by Shihab al-Din, the sultan of Ghurid Empire.[9]
14वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- City went under the Khilji dynasty, ruled by Alauddin Khilji.[10]
16वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- Akbar, the Mughal Emperor, renovated and reconstructed the damaged walls of Allahabad Fort.[10][11]
17वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- Prince Khusrau died that year.[13][14] After his death his father Jahangir built his mausoleum in the city along with his mother and sister at Khusro Bagh.[10]
18वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- Muhammad Khan Bangash of the Mughal Empire became the subahdar (governor) of Allahabad Province.[15][16]
- City fell into the hands of Maratha Empire until 1750.[10]
- Pathans of Farrukhabad sacked the city.[10]
- Safdarjung, the Nawab of Awadh seized the city and held it until 1765.[10]
- August 12: Treaty of Allahabad was signed. The Treaty marks the political and constitutional involvement and the beginning of Company rule in India.[17]
19वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- Annexation of the city by the British East India Company (beginning the Company rule).[18][19]
- The city became the seat of Ceded and Conquered Provinces before the capital was shifted to Agra in 1835.[22]
- Holy Trinity Church, the first church in the city, was established.[23][24]
- Rail transport was introduced to the city; the first railway line between Calcutta and Allahabad was completed.[25][26][27]
- Allahabad was a participant in the Rebellion of 1857.[28] The city, with a number of European troops,[29] was the scene of a massacre.[30]
- Civil Lines was built; it was the largest town-planning project carried out in India before the establishment of New Delhi.[31][32]
- Earl Canning, at Minto Park, read out the declaration of Queen Victoria's Proclamation which resulted in the complete transfer of control over भारत from The East India Company to the government of Britain (beginning the British Rule).[33][34]
- The city became the seat of North-Western Provinces.[35]
- It became the capital of India.[35]
- मार्च 3: First passenger train in North India ran between Allahabad and Kanpur.
- Allahabad Municipal Corporation established as the Municipal Board of Allahabad.[25]
- Allahabad Public Library was established.[36]
- The Pioneer made its first appearance.[37]
- August 15: Construction of the Old Naini Bridge was completed.[38]
- Allahabad Bank was established.[39]
- November 25: The Allahabad High Court was inaugurated. Though it sat in Agra till 1868.[40]
- The High Court was moved back to Allahabad from Agra.[40]
- The building of Thornhill Mayne Memorial was built.[36]
- State Police Headquarters established in the city.[36]
- Alfred Park was built.[36]
- अप्रैल 10: Foundation stone of All Saints Cathedral was laid.[41]
- Population: 143,700.[20][21]
- A. H. Wheeler was founded.[42][43]
- St. Joseph's Cathedral was built.[44]
- Mayo Memorial Hall was built.[45]
- September 23: University of Allahabad, the fourth oldest University in India, was established.[46]
- The fourth conference of the Indian National Congress addressed in the city by George Yule.[47][48]
- The eighth conference of the Indian National Congress addressed in the city by Womesh Chunder Bonnerjee.[48]
- The city was hit by the Famine of 1896. A considerable effect was seen in the decrease of the city population during the Census of 1901.[20][49][50]
- The fifteenth conference of the Indian National Congress addressed in the city by Romesh Chunder Dutt.[48]
20वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- The city became the capital of United Provinces till 1920.[35][51]
- Curzon Bridge was built; it linked the city, through rail road, to the northern regions of the state[52]
- Ewing Christian College was established.[53][54]
- October 24: The Leader was first published. It circulated until 1967.[55][56]
- Population: 171,700.[20][21]
- Henri Pequet carried the world's first official airmail from Allahabad to Naini.[58][59]
- Allahabad Airport was built.[60]
- अप्रैल 11: Salt मार्च carried out by Jawaharlal Nehru.[61][62]
- Allahabad Address was made by Muhammad Iqbal.[63]
- फरवरी 27: Chandrashekhar Azad died at Alfred Park.[64]
- Allahabad Museum was established.[65]
- Population: 183,900.[20][21]
- Allahabad Kumbh Mela banned by the British Government due to fears of Japanese bombing the nearby situated Akbar Fort during the World War II[66]
- First incident of Kumbh Mela stampede occurred.[67]
- Jawahar Planetarium was built.[68]
- First Indira Marathon was conducted.[69]
- Indian Institute of Information Technology, Allahabad was established.[70]
21वीं सदी
संपादन करीं- New Yamuna Bridge was completed.[71]
- Population: 1,117,094.[72]
- फरवरी 10: An estimated 30 million people gathered in the city to bathe on Mauni Amavasya during Kumbh Mela.[73][74][75][76]
- Second incident of Kumbh Mela stampede occurred.[77]
- जनवरी 25: MoU signed between the United States Trade and Development Agency and the Government of Uttar Pradesh for developing the city as a smart city.[78][79][80]
- June 23: Civil Lines Bus Depot became the first public spot in the city to be equipped with free Wi-Fi.[81][82]
इहो देखल जाय
संपादन करींसंदर्भ
संपादन करीं- ↑ Shiva Kumar Dubey. Kumbh city Prayag. Centre for Cultural Resources and Training. pp. 31–41. Retrieved Nov 4, 2014.
{{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 Bhatia, H. S. (Jan 1, 2008). Military History of British India, 1607-1947. Deep and Deep Publications. p. 95. Retrieved Nov 2, 2014.
- ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (मई 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. A-16. Retrieved मार्च 24, 2014.
- ↑ Buddhist Records of the Western World, Book V by Xuan Zang
- ↑ Dilip Kumar Roy; Indira Devi (1955). Kumbha: India's ageless festival. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan. p. xxii.
- ↑ Vikram Doctor (2013-02-10). "Kumbh mela dates back to mid-19th century, shows research". Economic Times. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ Kama MacLean (अगस्त 2003). "Making the Colonial State Work for You: The Modern Beginnings of the Ancient Kumbh Mela in Allahabad". The Journal of Asian Studies. 62 (3): 873–905. doi:10.2307/3591863.
- ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (मई 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 21. Retrieved मार्च 24, 2014.
- ↑ The Imperial Gazetteer of India v. 5 (New Edition). Clarendon Press. p. 299. Retrieved Nov 6, 2014.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4 10.5 Bhatia, H. S. (Jan 1, 2008). Military History of British India, 1607-1947. Deep and Deep Publications. p. 96. Retrieved Nov 2, 2014.
- ↑ Jayapalan, N. (2000). Social and Cultural History of India Since 1556. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 19.
- ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (मई 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 61. Retrieved मार्च 24, 2014.
- ↑ Mahajan V.D. (1991, reprint 2007) History of Medieval India, Part II, New Delhi: S. Chand, ISBN 81-219-0364-5, pp.126-7
- ↑ Melton, J. Gordon (Jan 15, 2014). Faiths Across Time: 5,000 Years of Religious History. ABC-CLIO. p. 1163. Retrieved Nov 3, 2014.
- ↑ "आर्काइव कॉपी के बा". Archived from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ http://www.bangaloremirror.com/columns/views/Giving-women-their-due-in-history/articleshow/49896877.cms
- ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (मई 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. A-96. Retrieved मार्च 24, 2014.
- ↑ Everyman's Dictionary of Dates; 6th ed. J. M. Dent, 1971; p. 32
- ↑ Bhatia, H. S. (Jan 1, 2008). Military History of British India, 1607-1947. Deep and Deep Publications. p. 97. Retrieved Nov 2, 2014.
- ↑ 20.00 20.01 20.02 20.03 20.04 20.05 20.06 20.07 20.08 20.09 20.10 20.11 20.12 20.13 20.14 20.15 20.16 "Historical Census of India".
- ↑ 21.00 21.01 21.02 21.03 21.04 21.05 21.06 21.07 21.08 21.09 21.10 21.11 21.12 21.13 21.14 21.15 The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
- ↑ H.S. Bhatia. Military History of British India: 1607 - 1947. Deep and Deep Publications'. p. 97. ISBN 978-81-8450-079-0. Retrieved 16 Feb 2014.
- ↑ टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया "Lecture on churches of Allahabad". Jan 3, 2013.
{{cite news}}: Check|url=value (help)[मुर्दा कड़ी] - ↑ "THE HOLY TRINITY CHURCH, ALLAHABAD". Hindustan Times (Lucknow). Dec 25, 2012.
- ↑ 25.0 25.1 https://books.google.co.in/books?id=UFaGME0XDBkC&pg=PA122&dq=Allahabad+Municipal+board+established&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CBsQ6AEwAGoVChMIgK2gppCmyAIVigSOCh1_nwde#v=onepage&q=Allahabad%20Municipal%20board%20established&f=false
- ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jPttAAAAMAAJ&q=1856+allahabad+rail&dq=1856+allahabad+rail&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CCAQ6AEwAWoVChMIiqKQ9pOmyAIVglaOCh3Arwtd
- ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=3sMBAAAAMAAJ&q=1856+allahabad+rail&dq=1856+allahabad+rail&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0CDwQ6AEwB2oVChMIiqKQ9pOmyAIVglaOCh3Arwtd
- ↑ Visalakshi Menon (9 अक्टूबर 2003). From Movement To Government: The Congress in the United Provinces, 1937–42. SAGE Publications. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-7619-9620-0. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- ↑ Edward John Thompson; Geoffrey Theodore Garratt. Rise and Fulfilment of British rule in India. Central Book Depot. Retrieved 16 अगस्त 2014.
- ↑ Pletcher, Kenneth (15 अगस्त 2010). The Geography of India: Sacred and Historic Places. The Rosen Publishing Group. p. 128. Retrieved 21 मार्च 2014.
- ↑ Jonathan M. Bloom, Sheila Blai (2009). The Grove Encyclopedia of Islamic Art and Architecture, Volume 3. Oxford University Press. p. 57. ISBN 8125013830.
- ↑ Henry George Keene (1875). A Hand-book for Visitors to Lucknow: With Preliminary Notes on Allahabad and Cawnpore. J. Jetley. pp. 14–15. ISBN 81-206-1527-1.
- ↑ http://books.google.co.in/books?id=FCG5hGZ-hJsC&pg=PA453&dq=minto+park+allahabad&hl=en&sa=X&ei=oFbyUfGIMdHKrAft54BA&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=minto%20park%20allahabad&f=false
- ↑ http://www.bharatonline.com/uttar-pradesh/travel/allahabad/minto-park.html
- ↑ 35.0 35.1 35.2 Ashutosh Joshi (1 Jan 2008). Town Planning Regeneration of Cities. New India Publishing. p. 237. ISBN 8189422820.
- ↑ 36.0 36.1 36.2 36.3 Ashutosh Joshi (1 जनवरी 2008). Town Planning Regeneration of Cities. New India Publishing. p. 139. ISBN 8189422820.
- ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (मई 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. p. 142. Retrieved मार्च 24, 2014.
- ↑ "आर्काइव कॉपी के बा". Archived from the original on 2014-07-15. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ ., Rajesh. Banking Theory Law N Practice. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. p. 8. Retrieved Nov 4, 2014.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ↑ 40.0 40.1 Bhattacherje, S. B. (मई 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. 142–143. Retrieved मार्च 24, 2014.
- ↑ "All Saints Cathedral celebrates 130th Anniversary today". दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया. Oct 31, 2001. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ Motihar, Jhilmil (2011-08-19). "The original Wheeler dealers". New Delhi: HT Media. Retrieved 9 अप्रैल 2012.
- ↑ Sethi, Atul (2011-09-04). "Train of thoughts". Mumbai: Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. Archived from the original on 2013-01-03. Retrieved 9 अप्रैल 2012.
- ↑ "Churches in Allahabad". allahabadinfo.com. Archived from the original on 8 August 2013. Retrieved 11 September 2013.
- ↑ http://library.uvic.ca/spcoll/guides/sc131.html
- ↑ Handbook of Universities, Volume 1. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. Jan 1, 2006. p. 17. ISBN 81-269-0607-3. Retrieved Nov 2, 2014.
- ↑ Catherine Hall; Sonya O. Rose (2006). At Home with the Empire: Metropolitan Culture and the Imperial World. Cambridge University Press. p. 281. ISBN 978-1-139-46009-5.
- ↑ 48.0 48.1 48.2 Aggarwal, R. C. General Knowledge for all Competitive Exams. Bright Publications. p. 94. Retrieved दिसंबर 14, 2014.
- ↑ The Imperial Gazetteer of India v. 5 (New Edition). Clarendon Press. p. 230. Retrieved Nov 6, 2014.
- ↑ The Far East and Australasia. Psychology Press. p. 469.
{{cite book}}:|first=missing|last=(help) - ↑ Kerry Ward. Networks of Empire: Forced Migration in the Dutch East India Company. Cambridge University Press. p. 340. ISBN 978-0-521-88586-7. Retrieved 3 अगस्त 2012.
{{cite book}}: Italic or bold markup not allowed in:|publisher=(help) - ↑ "India Office Select Materials". Archived from the original on 2016-03-05. Retrieved 24 मई 2013.
- ↑ http://www.ecc.ac.in/collg_profile.php
- ↑ Imperial Gazetteer of India, v. 5, p. 241
- ↑ "The Leader (Allahabad, India)". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
Vol. 1, no. 1. (Oct. 24, 1909)-v. 230, no. 20762 (Sept. 6, 1967)
- ↑ "Newspapers and Periodicals: N4787 The Leader". Duke University Library System. Archived from the original on 2010-09-01. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ Anderson, G.H. (1999). Biographical Dictionary of Christian Missions. W.B. Eerdmans Pub. p. 292. ISBN 9780802846808. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ↑ "The First Airmail Flight in the World". Archived from the original on 2013-11-05. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (मई 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. B-17. Retrieved मार्च 24, 2014.
- ↑ Ashutosh Joshi (1 Jan 2008). Town Planning Regeneration of Cities. New India Publishing. p. 121. ISBN 8189422820.
- ↑ Khanal, Vinod (Nov 9, 2014). "Nehru defied British, made salt at Allahabad". दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया. Allahabad. Retrieved Nov 14, 2014.
- ↑ Khanal, Vinod (Nov 13, 2014). "Mahatma Gandhi describes Nehru's arrest in 1930 as 'rest'". दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया. Allahabad. Retrieved Nov 14, 2014.
- ↑ Sir Muhammad Iqbal’s 1930 Presidential Address, from Columbia University site
- ↑ Bhattacherje, S. B. (मई 1, 2009). Encyclopaedia of Indian Events & Dates. Sterling Publishers Pvt. Ltd. pp. B-19. Retrieved मार्च 24, 2014.
- ↑ "Allahabad Museum to celebrate Foundation Day". दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया. Mar 5, 2010. Archived from the original on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ http://m.timesofindia.com/city/allahabad/British-scrapped-Magh-mela-in-1942/articleshow/50575926.cms
- ↑ The worst stampede was in Allahabad in 1954, killing 800. The Guardian, 28 अगस्त 2003.
- ↑ Institutions JNMF.
- ↑ "Stage set for Indira Marathon on Nov 19". दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया. 16 November 2010. Archived from the original on 2013-04-07. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ "आर्काइव कॉपी के बा". Archived from the original on 2017-01-13. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ "आर्काइव कॉपी के बा" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-01-08. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ "censusindia 2011: Major Agglomerations" (PDF). Retrieved 25 अप्रैल 2014.
- ↑ "Over three crore people take holy dip in Kumbh Mela on 'Mauni Amavasya'". NDTV.com. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ↑ Omar Rashid. "3 crore pilgrims expected at Kumbh Mela today". दि हिंदू. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ↑ [1]
- ↑ "Two killed in Mahakumbh stampede as over 3 crore take holy dip". World News. Retrieved 3 November 2014.
- ↑ "Kumbh Mela chief Azam Khan resigns over stampede". BBC. 2013-02-11. Retrieved 2013-02-12.
- ↑ http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/india-us-sign-three-mous-on-smart-cities/article6821106.ece
- ↑ "आर्काइव कॉपी के बा". Archived from the original on 2014-10-06. Retrieved 2016-07-26.
- ↑ "Modi-Obama meet: US to help India develop three smart cities". दि टाइम्स ऑफ इंडिया. Washington. Oct 1, 2014. Retrieved Oct 1, 2014.
- ↑ http://m.timesofindia.com/city/allahabad/Free-wi-fi-facility-at-Civil-Lines-Bus-Depot-soon/articleshow/47018597.cms
- ↑ http://m.timesofindia.com/city/allahabad/civil-lines-makeover-to-be-as-lucknows-hazratganj-market/articleshow/48420554.cms
