सफेद गिद्ध
सफेद गिद्ध भा मिस्रदेसी गिद्ध (अंग्रेजी: Egyptian vulture, इजिप्शियन वल्चर; बैज्ञानिक नाँव: Neophron percnopterus) चिरइन के गिद्ध समूह के एगो प्रजाति बाटे। ई पुरानी दुनिया के गिद्ध हवे आ जीनस नियोफ्रौन (Neophron) के एकलौता सदस्य बा। एकर निवास के इलाका बहुत ब्यापक बाटे आ पच्छिमी यूरोप आ उत्तरी अफ्रीका से भारत ले फइलल बाटे।
सफेद गिद्ध | |
---|---|
Adult N. p. ginginianus | |
बैज्ञानिक वर्गीकरण | |
किंगडम: | Animalia |
फाइलम: | Chordata |
क्लास: | Aves |
ऑर्डर (Order): | Accipitriformes |
परिवार: | Accipitridae |
जाति (Genus): | Neophron Savigny, 1809 |
प्रजाति: | N. percnopterus |
दूपद नाँव | |
Neophron percnopterus (Linnaeus, 1758) | |
तीनों उप-प्रजाति के निवास क्षेत्र के नक्शा |
सफेद गिद्ध मुख्य रूप से लाश के माँस खाला बाकी मौका मिलले पर ई छोट-छोट स्तनधारी, छोट चिरई, रेप्टाइल वगैरह के शिकार भी करे ला। दूसर चिरई सब के अंडा भी खा लेला, बड़ा होखला पर ओकरा के पत्थर पर पटक-पटक तूर देला। चिरई सभ के द्वारा औजार के अइसन उपयोग एगो दुर्लभ चीज बाटे। आपन खतोना बनावे के समय ऊन नियर चीज के लपेट के एकट्ठा करे खातिर ई लकड़ी के छोट डंडी सभ के औजार के रूप में इस्तेमाल करे ला।
समशीतोष्ण इलाका में रहे वाला सदस्य जाड़ा के मौसम में दक्खिन के ओर प्रवास करे लें जबकि उष्णकटिबंधीय आबादी अपने जगह पर स्थाई रहेले। एह प्रजाति के आबादी में 20 वीं सदी में काफी गिरावट आइल बाटे आ एकर मुख्य कारण शिकार, आकस्मिक विषाक्तता, आ बिजली लाइन के साथ टकराव बाटे जौना सभ से एह गिद्धन के खतरा होला।
रूपरंग
संपादन करींएह प्रजाति के वयस्क सदस्यन के पाँख के रंग सफेद होला आ करिया रंग के उड़ान पंख होलें। जंगली सदस्य सभ में आमतौर पर सफेद पाँख के रंग मुर्चाइल लोहा के रंग के या भूअर रंग के छाया लिहले, कीचड़-कनई के रंग के होला जवना के कारण लौह युक्त मिट्टी से लागल गंदगी के बतावल जाल।[2][3] चित्र में देखावल सदस्य चिड़ियाघर से बा एही से ई एकदम सफेद बा। ठोर पतला आ लंबा बाटे आ ऊपरी जबड़ा के नोक मोड़दार बा। नथुना, एगो पट दरार के रूप में बाटे। गर्दन के पंख भी लमहर होलें। उड़ान पाँख नोकदार होलें आ इनहन में तीसरा ग्रुप सबसे लमहर होला; पोंछ पाचर के आकार के होले। वयस्क के पैर गुलाबी आ लरिकाईं में पैर माटी के रंग के होला।[4] पंजा लमहर आ सीधा होलें, तीसरी आ चउथी अँगुरी अपने आधार के लग्गे कुछ झिल्लीदार होले।
चोंच के रंग अधिकतर प्रजाति में करिया होला जबकि भारतीय उप-प्रजाति (ginginianus) के वयस्क सदस्यन में पीयर रंग के होला। रासमुसेन आ एंडर्टन (2005) सुझाव देदेल बाटें की उप-प्रजाति के बर्गीकरण खातिर एह लच्छन के अउरी अध्ययन के जरूरत बाटे।[5][6] आमतौर पर नर आ मादा में अंतर कइल मुश्किल होला, हालाँकि, नर अपने मिलन काल में कुछ गहिरा नारंगी चेहरा वाला होलें।[2] मादा के आकार औसतन कुछ बड़ा होला आ ई नर के तुलना में 10-15% भारी होली।[4] लरिकाईं में ई करिया आ चॉकलेट रंग के होलें आ सफेद धब्बा वाला होलें[7], जबकि वयस्क के रंग कम से कम पाँच बरिस के उमिर के बाद हासिल होला।[2]
वयस्क सफेद गिद्ध के पोंछ के पाँख के नोक से ठोर के नोक तक के लंबाई 47-65 सेंटीमीटर (19-26 इंच) नापल गइल बाटे।[5] तुलना में कुछ छोट आकार के N. P. ginginianus उप-प्रजाति के नर के आकार 47-52 सेंटीमीटर (19-20 इंच) आ मादा के आकार 52-55.5 सेंटीमीटर (20.5-21.9 इंच) के होला।[4]पाँख के फइलाव शरीर के कुल लंबाई के लगभग 2.7 गुना ले होला।[4] स्पेन में एह चिरई के वजन 1.9 किलोग्राम(4.2 पौंड) आ कैनरी द्वीप में पावल जाए वाली उप प्रजाति (majorensis gigantism) 2.4 किलोग्राम (5.3 पौंड) के भार वाली बतावल गइल बाटे।[3]
फुटनोट
संपादन करींसंदर्भस्रोत आ अन्य स्रोत
संपादन करीं- Agarwal, G.P.; Ahmad, Aftab; Arya, Gaurav; Saxena, Renu; Nisar, Arjumand; Saxena, A.K. (2012). "Chaetotaxy of three nymphal instars of an ischnoceran louse, Aegypoecus perspicuus (Phthiraptera: Insecta)" (PDF). Journal of Applied and Natural Science. 4 (1): 92–95. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-12-07. Retrieved 2016-06-04.
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(help) - Agudo, Rosa; Rico, Ciro; Vilà, Carles; Hiraldo, Fernando; Donázar, José (2010). "The role of humans in the diversification of a threatened island raptor". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 10: 384. doi:10.1186/1471-2148-10-384. PMC 3009672. PMID 21144015.
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(help) - Angelov, Ivaylo; Hashim, Ibrahim; Oppel, Steffen (2012). "Persistent electrocution mortality of Egyptian Vultures Neophron percnopterus over 28 years in East Africa". Bird Conservation International. 23: 1–6. doi:10.1017/S0959270912000123.
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(help) - Baker, E.C. Stuart (1928). The Fauna of British India. Birds. Vol. Volume 5 (2 ed.). London: Taylor and Francis. pp. 22–24.
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(help) - Biddulph, C.H. (1937). "Unusual site for the nest of the White Scavenger Vulture Neophron percnopterus ginginianus (Lath.)". The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 39 (3): 635–636.
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(help) - BirdLife International (2014). "Neophron percnopterus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN. 2014: e.T22695180A62656914. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2014-2.RLTS.T22695180A62656914.en.
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: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) - Carrete, Martina; Sánchez-Zapata, José A.; Benítez, José R.; Lobón, Manuel; Donázar, José A. (2009). "Large scale risk-assessment of wind-farms on population viability of a globally endangered long-lived raptor". Biological Conservation. 142 (12): 2954–2961. doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.027.
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(help) - Ceballos, Olga; Donázar, José Antonio (1990). "Roost-tree characteristics, food habits and seasonal abundance of roosting Egyptian Vultures in northern Spain" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 24 (1–2): 19–25. ISSN 0892-1016.
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(help) - Ceballos, Olga; Donázar, José Antonio (1989). "Factors influencing the breeding density and nest-site selection of Egyptian vulture (Neophron percnopterus)". Journal of Ornithology. 130 (3): 353–359. doi:10.1007/BF01644748.
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(help) - Clark, William S.; Schmitt, N.J. (1998). "Ageing Egyptian Vultures" (PDF). Alula. 4: 122–127. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2022-04-20. Retrieved 2016-06-04.
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(help) - Cortés-Avizanda, Ainara; Ceballos, Olga; Donázar, José A. (2009). "Long-Term Trends in Population Size and Breeding Success in the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus) in Northern Spain" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 43 (1): 43–49. doi:10.3356/JRR-08-24.1.
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- Donázar, Jose A.; Ceballos, Olga (1988). "Red fox predation on fledgling Egyptian vultures" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 22 (3): 88.
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- Donázar, José A.; Ceballos, Olga (1990). "Acquisition of food by fledgling Egyptian Vultures Neophron percnopterus by nest-switching and acceptance by foster adults". Ibis. 132 (4): 603–607. doi:10.1111/j.1474-919X.1990.tb00284.x.
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(help) - Donázar, José A.; Ceballos, Olga; Tella, José L. (1994). "Copulation behaviour in the Egyptian Vulture Neophron percnopterus". Bird Study. 41 (1): 37–41. doi:10.1080/00063659409477195.
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(help) - Donázar, José A.; Ceballos, Olga; Tella, José L. (1996). "Communal roosts of Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus): dynamics and implications for the species conservation". In Muntaner, J. (ed.). Biology and Conservation of Mediterranean Raptors (PDF). Monografía SEO-BirdLife, Madrid. pp. 189–201. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2015-07-16. Retrieved 2016-06-04.
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- Donázar, José Antonio; Negro, Juan José; Palacios, César Javier; Gangoso, Laura; Godoy, José Antonio; Ceballos, Olga; Hiraldo, Fernando; Capote, Nieves (2002). "Description of a new subspecies of the Egyptian Vulture (Accipitridae: Neophron percnopterus) from the Canary Islands" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 36 (1): 17–23. ISSN 0892-1016.
- Elorriaga, Javier; Zuberogoitia, Iñigo; Castillo, Iñaki; Azkona, Ainara; Hidalgo, Sonia; Astorkia, Lander; Ruiz-Moneo, Fernando; Iraeta, Agurtzane (2009). "First Documented Case of Long-Distance Dispersal in the Egyptian Vulture (Neophron percnopterus)". Journal of Raptor Research. 43 (2): 142–145. doi:10.3356/JRR-08-53.1.
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(help) - Feduccia, Alan (1974). "Another Old World Vulture from the New World" (PDF). The Wilson Bulletin. 86 (3): 251–255.
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(help) - Ferguson-Lees, James; Christie, David A. (2001). Raptors of the World. Christopher Helm. pp. 417–420. ISBN 978-0-691-12684-5.
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(help) - Galushin, V.M. (1975). "A comparative analysis of the density of predatory birds in two selected areas within the Palaearctic and Oriental regions, near Moscow and Delhi (IOC Abstracts)" (PDF). Emu. 74 (5): 331. doi:10.1071/MU974330.
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(help) - Galushin, V. M. (2001). "Populations of vultures and other raptors in Delhi and neighboring areas from 1970's to 1990's". In Parry-Jones, J.; Katzner, T. (eds.). Report from the Workshop on Indian Gyps vultures: 4th Eurasian congress on raptors. Sevilla, Spain: aviary.org. pp. 13–15.
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(help) - Gangoso, Laura (2005). "Ground nesting by Egyptian Vultures (Neophron percnopterus) in the Canary Islands" (PDF). Journal of Raptor Research. 39 (2): 186–187. ISSN 0892-1016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-09-24. Retrieved 2016-06-04.
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(help) - Gangoso, Laura; Álvarez-Lloret, Pedro; Rodríguez-Navarro, Alejandro A. B.; Mateo, Rafael; Hiraldo, Fernando; Donázar, José Antonio (2009). "Long-term effects of lead poisoning on bone mineralization in vultures exposed to ammunition sources" (PDF). Environmental Pollution. 157 (2): 569–574. doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.015. PMID 18995938.
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(help) - Neelakantan, K.K. (1977). "The sacred birds of Thirukkalukundram". Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 17 (4): 6.
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(help) - Palacios, César-Javier (2004). "Current status and distribution of birds of prey in the Canary Islands". Bird Conservation International. 14 (3). doi:10.1017/S0959270904000255.
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(help) - Paynter, W.P. (1924). "Lesser White Scavenger Vulture N. ginginianus nesting on the ground". The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society. 30 (1): 224–225.
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(help) - Suárez-Pérez, A.; Ramírez, A.S.; Rosales, R.S.; Calabuig, P.; Poveda, C.; Rosselló-Móra, R.; Nicholas, R.A.J.; Poveda, J.B. (2012). "Mycoplasma neophronis sp. nov., isolated from the upper respiratory tract of Canarian Egyptian vultures (Neophron percnopterus majorensis)". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 62: 1321–1325. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.033803-0. ISSN 1466-5026.
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(help) - Thurston, E.W. (1906). Ethnographic notes in southern India. Madras: Government Press.
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(help) - Yosef, Reuven; Alon, Dan (1997). "Do immature Palearctic Egyptian Vultures Neophron percnopterus remain in Africa during the northern summer?" (PDF). Vogelwelt. 118: 285–289.
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(help)
बाहरी कड़ी
संपादन करींविकिमीडिया कॉमंस पर संबंधित मीडिया Neophron percnopterus पर मौजूद बा। |
विकिप्रजाति पर संबंधित जानकारी Neophron percnopterus पर मौजूद बाटे। |
- BTO BirdFacts – Egyptian Vulture
- Egyptian Vulture species text in The Atlas of Southern African Birds.
- Egyptian Vulture – Global Raptor Information Network Archived 2022-04-20 at the Wayback Machine
- A photo story on how the Egyptian Vulture can crack an Ostrich egg Archived 2006-01-02 at the Wayback Machine
- Ageing and sexing (PDF; 5.6 MB) by Javier Blasco-Zumeta & Gerd-Michael Heinze Archived 2016-03-05 at the Wayback Machine
- सफेद गिद्ध videos, photos, and sounds at the Internet Bird Collection
- सफेद गिद्ध photo gallery at VIREO (Drexel University)
ई चिरई-संबंधित लेख एगो आधार बाटे। जानकारी जोड़ के एकरा के बढ़ावे में विकिपीडिया के मदद करीं। |