बोरॉन

Boron, ₅B
	boron (β-rhombohedral)
आम लच्छन (जनरल प्रापर्टी)
नाँव के उच्चारण	/ˈbɔərɒn/ (BOHR-on)
एलोट्रोप	α-, β-rhombohedral, β-tetragonal (and more)
रूपरंग	black-brown
स्टैंडर्ड परमाणु वजन (Ar, standard)	[10.806, 10.821] conventional: 10.81
पीरियाडिक टेबल में Boron
	beryllium ← boron → carbon
परमाणु नंबर (Z)	5
ग्रुप	group 13
पीरियड	2
ब्लॉक	p
इलेक्ट्रान कन्फिगरेशन	[He] 2s2 2p1
Electrons per shell	2, 3
भौतिक लच्छन
फेज at STP	solid
पघिलाव ताप	2349 K (2076 °C, 3769 °F)
उबाल ताप	4200 K (3927 °C, 7101 °F)
घनत्व जब लिक्विड होखे ( प.ता.)	2.08 g/cm3
फ्यूजन के एन्थाल्पी	50.2 kJ/mol
बास्पीकरण के एन्थाल्पी	508 kJ/mol
मोलर हीट कैपसिटी	11.087 J/(mol·K)
परमाणु संबंधी लच्छन
ऑक्सीडेशन स्टेट	−5, −1, +1, +2, +3 (a mildly acidic oxide)
इलेक्ट्रोनिगेटिविटी	Pauling scale: 2.04
आयनाइजेशन एनर्जी	1st: 800.6 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 2427.1 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 3659.7 kJ/mol ; (more) ;
एटॉमिक रेडियस	empirical: 90 pm
कोवैलेंट रेडियस	84±3 pm
वान डर वाल्स रेडियस	192 pm
	स्पेक्ट्रल लाइन
	स्पेक्ट्रल लाइन
अन्य लच्छन
क्रिस्टल स्ट्रक्चर	rhombohedral
Speed of sound thin rod	16,200 m/s (at 20 °C)
थर्मल ऍक्सपैंशन	β form: 5–7 µm/(m·K) (at 25 °C)
थर्मल कंडक्टिविटी	27.4 W/(m·K)
इलेक्ट्रिकल रेजिस्टिविटी	~106 Ω·m (at 20 °C)
चुंबकी क्रम	diamagnetic
मोहो हार्डनेस	~9.5
सीएएस (CAS) नंबर	7440-42-8
इतिहास
खोज	Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac and Louis Jacques Thénard (30 June 1808)
पहिला आइसोलेशन	Humphry Davy (9 July 1808)
boron के प्रमुख आइसोटोप
	10B content may be as low as 19.1% and as high as 20.3% in natural samples. 11B is the remainder in such cases.
	देखीं; वार्ता; संपादन; \|

बोरॉन एक तत्त्व बा।

संदर्भसंपादन

↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058. उद्धरण खराबी:Invalid <ref> tag; name "v1" defined multiple times with different content
↑ Melanie Schroeder. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (PDF) (German में). प. 139.
↑ Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)
↑ Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808). "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique". Annales de chimie. 68: 169–174.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)
↑ Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. पहुँचतिथी 2008-09-21.
↑ Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.
↑ Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1
↑ Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights
↑ Melanie Schroeder. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (PDF) (German में). प. 139.

ई रसायनशास्त्र-संबंधी लेख एगो आधार बाटे। जानकारी जोड़ के एकरा के बढ़ावे में विकिपीडिया के मदद करीं।

[1] Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1

[v1-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Zhang, K.Q.; Guo, B.; Braun, V.; Dulick, M.; Bernath, P.F. (1995). "Infrared Emission Spectroscopy of BF and AIF" (PDF). J. Molecular Spectroscopy. 170: 82. Bibcode:1995JMoSp.170...82Z. doi:10.1006/jmsp.1995.1058. उद्धरण खराबी:Invalid <ref> tag; name "v1" defined multiple times with different content

[3] Melanie Schroeder. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (PDF) (German में). प. 139.

[4] Holcombe Jr., C. E.; Smith, D. D.; Lorc, J. D.; Duerlesen, W. K.; Carpenter; D. A. (October 1973). "Physical-Chemical Properties of beta-Rhombohedral Boron". High Temp. Sci. 5 (5): 349–57.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

[magnet-5] Lide, David R. (ed.) (2000). Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF). CRC press. ISBN 0849304814.CS1 maint: Extra text: authors list (link)

[Lussac-6] Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808). "Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique". Annales de chimie. 68: 169–174.CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link)

[Davy-7] Davy H (1809). "An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. 99: 39–104. doi:10.1098/rstl.1809.0005.

[NISTic-8] 8.0 ^8.1 "Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions for All Elements". National Institute of Standards and Technology. पहुँचतिथी 2008-09-21.

[9] Szegedi, S.; Váradi, M.; Buczkó, Cs. M.; Várnagy, M.; Sztaricskai, T. (1990). "Determination of boron in glass by neutron transmission method". Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry Letters. 146 (3): 177. doi:10.1007/BF02165219.

[10] Van Setten et al. 2007, pp. 2460–1

[CIAAW-11] Conventional Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[IUPAC-12] Standard Atomic Weights 2013. Commission on Isotopic Abundances and Atomic Weights

[13] Melanie Schroeder. "Eigenschaften von borreichen Boriden und Scandium-Aluminium-Oxid-Carbiden" (PDF) (German में). प. 139.

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